Subliminal Persuasion

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0><script type="text/javascript" src="http://hb.lycos.com/hb.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ratings.lycos.com/ratings/lycosRating.js.php"></script> <script type="text/javascript"><![CDATA[//><!]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://scripts.lycos.com/catman/init.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://members.tripod.com/adm/ad/code-start.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://members.tripod.com/adm/ad/code-middle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://members.tripod.com/adm/ad/code-end.js"></script> <noscript> <img src="http://members.tripod.com/adm/img/common/ot_noscript.gif?rand=116590" alt="" width="1" height="1" />  <iframe frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" width="728" height="90" src="http://ad.yieldmanager.com/st?ad_type=iframe&ad_size=728x90&section=209094"></iframe>  </noscript> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=100 BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="31800640egdysm.jpg"> <div> <FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B>The Message </b></FONT><B>   |     </b><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Message"><U><B>home</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=150 BGCOLOR="#0000BF" TEXT="#F7F7FF"> <div> <A HREF="http://www.buchenroth.com/thesis3.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.buchenroth.com/thesis3.html"><U><B>The Effects of Subliminal Advertising</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://paranormal.about.com/science/paranormal/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fsosus.dnsq.org%2Fbackmask%2F" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://paranormal.about.com/science/para"><U><B>Listen to Backmasking MP3 online</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.csicop.org/si/9204/subliminal-persuasion.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.csicop.org/si/9204/subliminal"><U><B>The Cargo-Cult Science of Subliminal Persuasion</b></U></A></div> <bR> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=380 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I>Subliminal Persuasion</I></div> <div> <B>SUBLIMINAL MESSAGES</b></div> <bR> <div> Key and book Subliminal Seduction is most responsible for studying subliminals</div> <bR> <div> <B>Subliminals</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > = SUB   LIMEN  or below the threshold of consciousness</FONT></div> <div> Sub= Any devices used to convey or attempt to convey a message by means of images or sounds of a very brief or hidden nature that cannot be perceived at a normal level of awareness.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Embeds:</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  Embedded under music or sounds or visuals</FONT></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">2 kids killed themselves after Judas Priests song had "do it" subliminally on it.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">2 kid killed themselves after Ozzy Osbourn Blizzard of Oz subliminals</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Self improvement audio tapes "stop smoking" self-improvement"</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Student did science fair project where answers to a test were embedded under   song jump.  Students who heard song with embeds did better on test than group  who heard song alone.  Students who had subliminals later complained of  headaches.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Backmasking</b></div> <div>  Moors said that there is no evidence that people are effected consciously or  unconsciously.  If people were told what they were supposed to hear--they   heard  it.  If they were not prompted, they did not hear the message.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Visual Embeds</b></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">  Key embedded the word "sex " in a picture.  No one in the class could detect.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> Reed (1985) tested a vacation scene with the word "sex" and one with nonsense syllables.  The word not detected and students had no better recall of one photo over the other.          </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Early movies had "Drink Coke" and "eat Popcorn" embedded, the inventor said it worked but the experiments never used a control group.</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Hawkins (1970) put the word "Coke" on one video and "Ford" on another.  Those who saw the coke-video had more thirst afterwards. "A simple subliminal stimulus can arouse stimulus can serve to arouse a basic drive such as thirst." (Hawkins 1970). Researchers have not been able to replicate.</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Subjects flashed octagons prefers octagons later.</div> <div> No evidence that persuasion lasts more than a few minutes.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Moore says that subliminals don't work because</b></div> <div>      1.  Subliminal stimuli too weak to be observed and even if </div> <div>      it is observed it will be overwhelmed by stronger stimuli.</div> <div>      2.  People can control their own responses and resist. </div> <bR> <div> <B>Greenwald did experiment where he tested self-help tapes and found that</b></div> <div>      1.  Tapes only worked if you told people what was </div> <div>      supposed to happen.</div> <div>      2.  When tapes switched they got results based on what </div> <div>      they thought they had not what they had.</div> <div>      </div> <div> Pratkanis and Greenwald said that researchers fail to produce subliminal effects.</div> <div>      1. Inconsistent use of definition of subliminal</div> <div>           What is perception w/out awareness?</div> <div>           How do you make something not consciously </div> <div>           aware but reachable to the unconscious?</div> <div>      2.  Lack of standardized method</div> <div>      3.  Lack of adequate conception of the unconscious </div> <div>      process.</div> <bR> <div> <B>5 Human tendencies that cause us to believe subliminals. </b></div> <div> 1.  We tend to attribute unfavorable outcomes to external causes.</div> <div>      Purchases beyond our control</div> <div>      Can't help but buy unhealthful products--cigarettes & liquor</div> <div> 2.  Propensity for false beliefs to preserver.</div> <div> 3.  The everyday experience of responding with feelings of  agree/disagree to incomprehensible or unintelligible messages.</div> <div> 4.  The common experience of having beliefs and the like for which we cannot recall the source.</div> <div> 5.  The fallacy that presence implies effectiveness.  If something exists it must      have an effect.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>